Boston Consulting SWOT Analysis Essay

Boston Consulting Group has clearly defined that their biggest asset is their people. The group offers an extensive training and summer internship program to prepare the interested, highly experience and motivated future consultant of Boston Consulting. The group offers services in 43 countries and their experienced and trained pool of consultants come from a diversity of experiences and culture. Boston consulting also assures their clients that a collaborative work team is the one priority. Strategic Planning Boston Consulting Group believes in strategic planning as a whole, meaning with their client involved. The group strives on strategic planning and is their biggest driven agenda with entering a new client. The group does not operate on policies of templates and redundant reorganizing of the company. They welcome ideas and creative suggestions for an effective strategic planning. Every client is different in culture and operations. In every client the group searches for new ideas and works with the collaborative approach to its client for strategic success. The group believes that working day to day and side by side with the client allows a higher output of productivity and achieving company goals. This approach also gives us the consulting group a greater experience of their industry and allows for venturing in other market growths for the client and fosters other learning experiences for our consultants. The firm creates a five-year plan for its clients and assists in every step to implement the plan through operational planning. Stakeholders As presented in the SWOT analysis one of our external stakeholders include outside businesses and the general business population. The group also provides pro bono work for many non-profit agencies and provides consulting advice such as in the high technology area and also advice to implementation assistance. The firm also specializes in the turn around approach that  implements the operational and strategic planning. This will allow for a quicker response for companies that need immediate assistance and assist with company growing pains. Once the strategic plans are identified and agreed upon an operational plan is put in place to roll out and go live on implementing the plan for company successes, quick results, and goals completed. Company and clients successes greatly impact the internal stakeholders as well. Other ideas and experiences are obtained throughout the reorganization of a company or even its restructure. All parties involved leave the completion with gained knowledg e and a sense of satisfaction once an operational plan is completed. Conclusion Once voids in a company has been identified and focused on it allow for the firm to recommend other ideas for the company for continued future success and even other joint ventures if any. In conclusion, Boston consulting group was #8 on the Fortune 100 list of best companies to work for and # 3 in 2014. Employees have identified the company’s culture as busy, flexible and ever changing. A place for new and extensive ever-moving assignments all over the world. The company has worked in China and focused on the studies in operations and strategy, to overcome challenges in the China operations. Benchmarks and global strategies were discussed in this study. It is the second of four in a series of special reports on China by The Boston Consulting Group and Knowledge@Wharton. Listed below is an image of their SWOT analysis. Part of the weaknesses of the SWOT analysis is the tough competitors, which in Boston consulting groups case is McKinsey and Bain. Strengths Weaknesses BCG focuses on assisting companies with and efficient and effective business strategy and planning BCG has been unsuccessful to international markets  1st company to be awarded as the â€Å"Best place to work for† Tough competition from other consulting groups means market share is limited Employees have a diverse experience for the robust skill set for the job Opportunities Threats Getting into international business and evolving new concept there rather than sticking only strategy Stiff competition from existing consulting industry players Their green initiatives can create a new opportunity of consultation for them Companies are not setting up their own knowledge and training centers in house. Also larger companies are setting up their own training and knowledge center in house to avoid high consulting fees. However the training and experience will never compare to the actual employees that have years of hands on past experiences or and extensive education background. Boston consulting group continues to strive for the best and grow in more countries and work with a larger diversity in its near future. As #3 in the list of Fortune 500 companies for 2014, BCG will continue to excel in all areas of corporate America and its ever-changing business industry and current challenges. The company and its leaders also provide many business publications for their clients and the general public. Clients and employees alike have found great relationships, learning experiences and continued healthy relationships with Boston consulting group. Reference http://www.bcg.com/about_bcg/default.aspx. (2014). Boston Consulting Group. Retrieved from http://www.bcg.com/about_bcg/default.aspx The Boston Consulting Group SWOT Analysis, (2014). Boston Consulting Group SWOT Analysis, 1-7

Analyzing the value of crime mapping

Analyzing the value of crime mapping in the first case, it revolves around consolidating specific strategies for law enforcers to address the situation with ABC precinct. Here, consideration should be made in the value of providing a hotpoint and focused means of facilitating policing measures. Since specific crimes indeed occur in a specific time frame and a given day, increased police presence indeed could prove to be vital towards apprehending criminals and furthering opportunities to induce changes in the environment.In particular, specific programmes can be implemented to infuse better means of communication with the community and establish partnerships with specific venues that are prone for these crimes to happen. Crime mapping can happen if people would consider addressing a facilitative manner of intervention and determination of how these hotspots can be used as instruments for preventive measures. On the other hand, the second scenario may need a clustered and diffused mea ns of crime mapping.Since the escalation of crime is not focused primarily on a specific location and time-frame, considerable attention can be made if proper policing measures are scattered and administered in using demographic analyses. Here, programmes may cater to the need of elaborating specific processes that are congruent to the needs of the citizenry and exploring what probable avenues can result to better coverage and protection. Since this is the case, careful collaboration with the citizenry is then essential because the scope of application remains expansive and may cater to many internal factors and processes.

Living on Campus vs Living Off Campus Essay

A college experience can be the greatest time in a student’s life for the reason being, it is a new path the individual is taking to pursue his or her future career. While pursuing a career, every student has his or her own personal preference of whether or not to live on campus. Deciding where to reside seems to be the topic that runs through every college student’s mind. Whether it is to live the college lifestyle filled with events and social opportunities that go hand in hand with rooming on campus, to simply staying at home or living nearby and keeping a peace of mind and building up financially. Living on or off campus can be a difficult decision to make for many, but depending on the college experience you prefer to have, it can be made into a simple decision. Living on campus can have many perks and positive aspects that will have many students eager to attend. Gas prices are through the roof these days in our economy and not having a gas bill can be a very efficient and effective way for saving more money. Having more money in your pocket is always beneficial. When living on campus there are many numerous ways to get to class faster and time efficiently such as biking, skateboarding, longboarding or simply just walking. Getting more exercise and time outdoors is a just another perk of living on campus and getting the real feel of the campus lifestyle. Also, living on campus can be time efficient when making your way to class that way you are not tardy. Another positive aspect of living on campus is being a part of the organizations, fundraisers, concerts, sporting events and other fun activities that take place on campus giving you a stronger feel for the lifestyle of the college. Being more involved in your college can lead up to many positive outcomes whether it is meeting new people to hang out with or growing as an independent individual because you are finally on your own. Even though there are many positive aspects to living on campus there are also negatives. When living on campus there is a big price to pay. Around average it is $7,500-$9,000 depending on whether it is a public or a private university. For a bachelor’s degree and living on campus for all four years is estimated to be around $32,000 and that’s just for room and board. With that being said that is a very large cost to pay for never having privacy. Having a roommate around can have its own negative perks all in itself whether it is from personality conflicts to having simple differences and opinions. For example, while a student might be trying to study or do homework, the other student might be trying to socialize with friends and listen to music which can lead to large conflicts. Having opposite personalities or schedules might be an issue for some students. Living off campus is a whole different experience as a student than living on campus. For instance, you can live a more of a private lifestyle; having your own room and personal space can be essential for a great learning and studying environment. Living off campus could mean living closer to family and relatives, who can be a great support group and give inspiration in any college barrier you, may come across. Also, living at home with Mom and Dad can save you a plethora of money, which means more money in your pocket, and like I have said before that is always a plus. Even though living off campus has its ups it can also have its downs. Living off campus can seclude you from the college events and the overall feel from the college community and lifestyle. Missing those types of involvements can really dampen your overall college experience and outlook of the college lifestyle. Also, depending on where you live if it is a big city college or small community college can determine the commute and what kind of transportation you are going to take. Bus passes can add up to be expensive and cars take up a lot of gas especially when driven daily and our gas prices today do not help. Riding a bike or skateboard is not always an option depending on where you live and how far away your location is from the campus. What can also have a negative effect to living on campus is the traffic that can cause you to become tardy to classes. Even when driving a personal vehicle you are not safe from tardies you still run the risk of car trouble, a full parking lot or traffic. Public transportation can also become a hassle; the reason being you cannot control the bus driver, if the bus is delayed or missed it can lead to problems with being on time. According to statistics shown by various sources indicate that students who live on campus tend to complete more semester hours and attain higher GPAs than the students that live off campus. Even though that is the case, Angelo State University reported that 80% of students still prefer to live off campus. (Jones, 2004). According to USNEWS. com â€Å"of the 1,259 schools that provided campus housing data to U. S. News, an average of 48 percent of the undergraduate student body lives on campus. Ten of the schools that provided data on campus housing in 2010 said that their entire undergraduate student body lives on campus, while 52 reported having no undergraduate students living in campus dorms†. (Wecker, 2011). When making the decision of living on or off campus make sure to always keep in mind the pros and the cons of each living scenario and the consequences that each come with. Although both living styles have there ups and downs they are both very beneficial to the college lifestyle in numerous ways whether it is being a part of the college experience and lifestyle to trying to save money and being more conservative with your money. The key is knowing yourself and what college experience you wish to pursue and prefer and that can make the decision of living on or off campus a simpler one.

How Journalism has changed from the 20th to the 21st century Research Paper

How Journalism has changed from the 20th to the 21st century - Research Paper Example Fast forward to the 21st century and news reporting has taken a completely new direction as more individuals are becoming aware of the world`s situation with all these events occurring such as catastrophes and political dynamics. It is very evident with more and younger people getting involved in the journalism and mass communication industry. The 24-hour news cycle was introduced to keep people informed of events at all times. Nowadays, there are stations such as CNN (Henderson 259), which solely report any occurrences that might happen. It is good since people are well informed on everything as it happens. However, some reporters share their information without having any facts to backup their claims. This 24-hour news cycle has given rise to institutions such as blogs (Macnamara 249) that deal solely on gossip and slander. They do not care if the readers or viewers believe them or not, their sole priority is making money, and they do not care if the stories they air or publish are damaging to some people. Recently reporters have taken as interest in speculating rather than reporting facts. It is because people want news that will interest them and not sitting on the couch and enduring two to three hours or boring and poorly produced news bulletins. That is why gossip sites and blogs such as TMZ are among the most beloved by the world over because they report both serious events as well as the amusing occurrences. They also encourage anyone with anything to share, can post their stories or videos on their website. This mode of reporting has its advantages and disadvantages. One advantage is that people can share their stories with everyone in the world while the downside is that there is no privacy in their reporting and the stories are poorly done since it takes time to verify if the stories told are merely fabrications, speculations or hard, irrefutable facts. Nowadays people are more informed than they were back in the 20th

What is on the Internet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is on the Internet - Assignment Example Its questions are open ended, allowing respondents the freedom of choice and expression (Storm Front, 2010). A survey by Quibblo is another example on pop culture and it focuses on possible association between the culture and self-image. Its questions cover significance of the culture among teenagers, possible effects of the on teenagers’ self-image and participants’ perception of pop culture (Quibblo, n.d.). The ‘pop culture’ survey’s design is characterized by closed questions, whose choices stimulate response. It also has few questions, presented in a single page, a property that helps to stimulate response rate because of time convenience. Another design factor in the questionnaire is use of bold for questions and normal print for choices and this makes the questions conspicuous (Pop culture, n.d.). The ‘pop culture’ survey identifies similarities with the SERVQUAL that is a tool for collecting qualitative data. SERVQUAL is based on attitude and expectation, which are the bases of responses to questions in the ‘pop culture’ survey. Like the SERVQUAL, the ‘pop culture’ questionnaire aims at collecting qualitative data such as attitude towards types of music and expected utility from different forms of entertainment (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, & Berry,

MGM Resorts International Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MGM Resorts International - Case Study Example The purpose the case analysis is precisely to determine the best strategic alternative for MGM Resorts International, given the business and general environment in which it operates, and given an analysis of its strengths and weaknesses, the threats to its business, and the opportunities that are present in the market. The paper also presents a plan for implementation of the chosen strategic alternative arising out of the strategic analysis. The firm in focus is properly a holding entity for a number of assets operating in the hospitality industry (Google Finance, 2013; Bloomberg, 2013; MGM Resorts International, 2013). As a holding firm in the hospitality industry, the key business for MGM Resorts International is in the business of owning and operating resorts that are casinos. As such, it is in the business of offering within those casino resorts such services as retail, dining, entertainment, gaming, convention, hotel, and a number of corollary services and activities. Its presen ce is confined to two markets, the US domestic market, where it owns and operates 15 casino resorts throughout the United States, and the China Market, where MGM Macau has ownership of the casino resort known as MGM Macau resort and casino. The company has sole ownership and total control of operations for its US casino resorts, whose casino operations in particular are open the whole year round without pause and for 24 hours everyday, except for its operations at the Grand Victoria, which pause for work two hours out of 24 hours on a daily basis (Google Finance, 2013). Apart from the wholly owned resorts, MGM Resorts International also has 50 percent stakes in three other facilities, chief of them being CityCenter, where the company has half of total ownership stakes in the ARIA Resort and Casino, among other assets. Its MGM China Holdings control 51 percent of the MGM Macau Resort and Casino, apart from new planned developments for a Cotai resort and casino. Its expertise in the h ospitality segment has allowed the holding firm, moreover, to get involved in a vast array of management agreements as well as development agreements for various projects worldwide, involving all kinds of projects outside of casino development as well as projects in casino and resorts development (MGM Resorts International, 2013). Its key bases of operations in the US, meanwhile, are Michigan, Nevada, and Mississippi, with additional stakes in properties in Illinois and Nevada outside of its core interests. In China its base of operations is essentially Macau These properties coupled with consulting and management services make up the totality of its core business offerings to the world (Bloomberg, 2013). A look at its 10-year stock performance shows that MGM Resorts International shares have traded in a relatively narrow band since sharply dropping from its peaks of close to 100 dollars a share in 2007. Current stock prices of about 12.86 dollars a share are within the narrow band that it has been in since that time (Google Finance, 2013) Image Source: Google Finance, 2013 Meanwhile, shorter-term investor sentiments towards the stock shows that many hedge funds and other investors are cautiously long on the stock, and recent developments that indicate some long-term investors such as Kirk Kerkorian are upping their shares in the company by buying more shares are boosting sentiment. The

British American Tobacco Company Products Essay

British American Tobacco Company Products - Essay Example BAT Company is listed in the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The company reports that as of December 2011, it had market a capitalization of ?59.2 billion. Then, it was ranked sixth largest company listed in London Stock Exchange. The company is not only listed in London Stock Exchange but also in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (South Africa) and the Nairobi Sock Exchange in Kenya (Britannica Educational Publishing and Rogers 2011 p.177-198). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the demand and supply factors that affect the sales of BAT products. It will also explore what the company needs to do to be able top operate profitably in this market. The essay will also discuss the impacts of the macroeconomic factors: economic growth, unemployment, inflation, the balance of payment and business cycle on the products. Demand and Supply Demand and supply are the most fundamental concepts of economics and the backbone of a market economy. This is due to the fact that they determine how a particular product or service is sold in the market. Demand by definition refers to the quantity of a service or product desired in a market by buyers. The quantity demanded on the other hand refers to the amount of product that buyers are willing to purchase at a given price. Price and quantity demanded exhibits a relationship known as demand relationship. Supply refers to the quantity that the market can offer. In this regard, the quantity supplied means the amount of a given products suppliers are willing to supply at a certain price. The relationship between price and quantity supplied in the market is referred to as the supply relationship. Based on this definitions, it is evident that price is a reflection of demand and supply. Microeconomic Factors Price Price is one of the main factors that affect the demand and supply of a product, which in turn determine the quantity of a product that is sold (Carbaugh 2010 p. 28-42). With regard to deman d, the price charged determines to a great extent the quantity of a product that consumers will buy. This is due to fact that that quantity demanded and the price have an inverse relationship. This implies that the higher the price, the less will be the quantity demanded of the product. This is one factor that has affected the sales of BAT tobacco products. The company management argues that as the cost of product used in the manufacture of tobacco products increases due to drought, they have been forced to adjust their process upwards (Cox 2000 p. 16-39). However, this increase in price did not go well with regard to turnover as many customers reduced the quantity they could purchase. This is probably due to a shift to other cheap close substitutes. The company managers are, however, quick to assert that they are projecting a decrease in price which would enable customers to purchase more, thus increasing their sales. On the other hand, an increase in supply of the company’s product usually lead to a reduction in price, resulting in an increase in sales as consumers are now able to afford the products. Substitutes The price and availability of close substitutes also affects demand for a product. When a product has a close substitute, it is a matter of fact that consumers will be willing to shift in case of an increase in price (Carbaugh 2010 p. 28-42). This is what has affected sales of BAT’s tobacco products. The company managers argue that many people nowadays prefer other forms of depressants

Assassinations in International Relations Essay

Assassinations in International Relations - Essay Example l relations. Such acts by the powerful countries need to be discussed on the parameters of the three theories of international relations, namely realism, liberalism, and constructivism (Wait 2011, par. 1). The theory of realism is based on assumptions. There are two competing branches of realism based on the assumptions about the behavior of the state, one is the neorealist theory of Kenneth Waltz and another is postclassical realism, which is not similar to Waltz neorealist theory. The impact of the theory of realism crosses the threshold to enter the non-realist theories such as liberalism, another political theory based on the positive human values such as right to freedom, favoring democratic rights. So far an exchange between the two theories has not been fruitful because the neorealist theory stresses with sureness that such an interaction would be a useless exercise. Constructivist theory was an attempt to find new means away from the theories of realism and liberalism. A cons tructivist sees the international relations as â€Å"an interactive process in which the ideas and communications among agents serve to create â€Å"structures†. These structures, in turn, influence the ideas and communications of the agents.† (Rourke 2007, 30). Seeing the height of extremism in political spheres at global scale, supporters of assassinations find nothing wrong morally to indulge in cutting the head of the dragon itself as there is no other option left using military force on the large scale by waging a prolonged war with no end result in sight. War affects the innocent; the actual culprits cannot be nabbed. The â€Å"ethical disconnect,† pervades as stated by Ralph Peters by not making a direct attack on dictators like Saddam Hussein committing atrocities on innocent people; it is devoid of ethical logic. Nonetheless, the norm against assassinations of such scale and kind have been there, which, off late, have been broken by the major super powe r, the U.S. Actually, this norm has been residing in ethical injunctions of basic moral principles in global politics getting strength from the design of international system (Thomas 2000, 106-7). Discussing the reality aspect of the norm as a concession, Thomas (2000, 123-24) states that states were against the norm to assassinate a foreign leader as it was not worth the effort. Assassination was observed as inefficient tool of foreign policy because of doubt over the success of the assassination, as leaders’ security was unassailable. Another reason of going against the norm of assassinations was not getting the desired outcomes of serving the purpose. Thomas findings on norms and practices related to international assassinations indicate how the assassination norms have shifted greatly over time. According to Thomas, it was a quite common foreign policy tool in old times, but a number of changing material factors and evolving normative principles started strong norm agains t the killing of foreign leaders because preference was given to fight of the armies on the battle ground and also because

Personal Health Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Health Lab - Essay Example The issue of financial benefit from Lacks’s cells continues to be raised. Her heirs are the antithesis of a Norman Rockwell American family. Since many of them live at a subsistence level and often without health care, there is considerable irony in the fact that millions of dollars have been made on Lacks’s genetic material. Those who carry her genes have not seen one cent of that windfall. Decades passed before the family even knew of the continued existence of their mother, in her extraordinary cells. Not only is this famous woman buried in an unmarked grave, but also her family is â€Å"unmarked† with the monies her cells have generated. One of the incidents Skloot relates concerns her ongoing relationship with Lacks’s youngest daughter, Deborah. When Skloot began her research, Deborah was in her sixties. Deborah’s approach to the revelation about her mother was mixed. On one hand, she had many sober questions about her mother’s illness, her ongoing â€Å"life,† and its contributions to science as well as about the implications for her own health. On the other hand, she feared that her mother’s cells felt the effects of the diseases they were employed to study. At times Deborah believed her mother to be, in some sense, alive and capable of feeling the pain and other accompanying effects of AIDS, Ebola, and other diseases. She had read that her mother’s cells had been used for researching cures for these diseases. She vacillated between a cooperative and friendly attitude toward the author and a paranoid and distrustful stance. Skloot stuck with Deborah through her bouts with depression, hysteria, and severe cases of hives. The author once even came to blows with Lacks’s daughter, and she was present when Deborah was exorcized. By the time the book was published, Deborah had died.  

Anishinaabe Literature and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Anishinaabe Literature and Culture - Essay Example These native Indians form the Anishinaabe tribe of America. Some American universities teach Anishinaabemowin, the language spoken by the people of this tribe. These people were divided into three communities: Odawa, Ojibwe, and Bodewatomi speaking different dialects of the Anishinaabemowin. The Indians still hold the ways of their ancestors and cultivate, nurture, and protect the knowledge of their ancestors among their children. This has led to the continuity of the rich Anishinaabe language and culture that is still studied by the present generation. Children learn their language, governance, judicial system, culture, religion, and citizenship. This culture was overshadowed by Christianity and modernization, but the remaining descendants teach their children about their ancestors in order to ensure the continuity of their culture. It is difficult to maintain ethnic identity without the existence of language. The Anishinaabe descendants struggle to maintain continuity of their lang uage by teaching their children. The learning process begins by explaining the meaning of the verbs in the seven teachings (Apple, 2008). The seven pronouns are set in the teachings called the seven grandfathers. These are: Nbwaakaawin (wisdom), Zaagi’idiwin (love), Minaadendamowin (respect), Aakwa’ode’ewin (bravery), Debwewin (truth), Dibaadendiziwin (humility) and Gwekwaadiziwin (Honesty). These are part of the original words of the ancestors that form the roots of the language. Understanding language helps understand the cultural practices, institutions, and social festivities observed by the Anishinaabe. The elderly in the communities act as reference points for teachers and learners of the language. Their dialect and understanding of the language has not been overly diluted by the English language, as is the case among the young people (Eigenbrod, LaRocque and DePasquale, 2010). The Ojibway language, part of Algonquian language group, is the most frequently spoken Aboriginal language besides Cree and Inuit languages. It is usually expressed in syllabics or the roman orthography. The syllabics were invented in 1840 by James Evans, a missionary working in Hudson’s Bay. Some Anishinaabe people claim that he did not invent the symbols, but he incorporated them into the writing system (Tigerman, 2006). The Wawatay bilingual newspaper commonly circulated among the Anishinaabe communities in northern Ontario contains texts written in syllabics. In some other texts such as children books, roman orthography is used. These forms of writing are also commonly used in educational materials that have revived the Ojibway language. English authors of the Anishinaabe origin have revived the language through the educational system, media, and literary works. They have helped produce bilingual books that enable the young generations learn their native language. Northwest Ontario has the largest population of the Anishinaabe people. The people hav e two collections of narratives passed down orally for centuries. These are the Ojibway heritage and the sacred legend. The sacred legend existed among the Oji-Cree speaking community near the sandy lake. The collection contains a creation story with the earth diver motif. According to these stories, several animals dived deep into the ocean to retrieve soil for recreating the earth after the great flood. This distinguishes the Aboriginal creation stories from the Biblical stories. However, missionaries declared the ecological relationships among living things superstitious and primitive. Missionaries introduced church-run schools that taught English and the European way of thinking (Vizenor, 2009). The introduction of Christianity

The Beginning of Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. Essay Example for Free

The Beginning of Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. Essay â€Å"Being a Negro in America means trying to smile when you want to cry. It means trying to hold on to physical life amid psychological death. It means the pain of watching your children grow up with clouds of inferiority in their mental skies. It means having their legs off, and then being condemned for being a cripple.1† These were the words of Martin Luther King Jr.. For nearly 80 years after being freed from slavery, African-Americans suffered under the discrimination and segregation of their fellow Americans. After World War II, African-Americans were ready for change and the nation could feel the inevitable Civil Rights Movement coming. With nonviolence and motivation the Civil Rights wheels were set in motion led by determined leaders and brave youth, which would have a permanent effect on American society. After the Civil War ended on June 22nd, 1865 and the Emancipation Proclamation was enforced in the last states that still had slaves. With the passing of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, African-Americans had for the first time in history the privileges of citizenship and the right to vote. Unfortunately, with the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, the situation for African-Americans, all across the nation, would only deteriorate until the Civil Rights Movement starting in 1954, keeping most African-Americans unable to vote making them â€Å"economically and politically powerless†.2 Many unsuccessful attempts for civil rights, unsupportive presidents, and violence from groups like the Ku Klux Klan made Civil Rights progress nearly impossible for nearly 80 years, even under the support from organizations such as the NAACP. African-Americans had to abide by Black Codes and Jim Crow laws in many parts of America and faced daily discrimination. Segregation under Black Codes and Jim Crow laws became a part of daily life for African-Americans all over America. The â€Å"separate but equal† reasoning was backed by the US Supreme court in the Plessy v. Ferguson case after a Louisiana Law stated that railroads must provide â€Å"equal but separate accomm odations for the white, and colored, race.†3 African-Americans tried to push Civil Rights on different occasions such as  World War II, where the idea of a â€Å"Double V† (spreading democracy abroad and at home for African Americans) began after James G. Thompson wrote a letter to the Pittsburgh Courier in 1942; â€Å"let colored Americans adopt the double VV for a double victory.†4 Though somewhat successful with the passing of the Fair Employment Act, most consider the Civil Rights Movement to begin after the Brown v. Board of Education case5 in 1954, ruling segregated schooling unconstitutional. The Brown v. Board of Education was a major step in the Civil Rights Movement. One of the first attempts to integrate a school in Little Rock, Arkansas received national attention after the nine black students who were selected to join a previously white high school were met by an angry mob. President Eisenhower had to send troops in just so that these students could go to school unharmed, a headliner that shocked the nation.6 This would not be the only violent reaction to the Civil Rights Movement. The majority of Civil Rights activists, though, believed in nonviolence.7 Martin Luther King Jr., a leader in the Civil Rights Movement who was a supporter of nonviolence, said, â€Å"Nonviolence is a powerful and just weapon. It is a sword that heals. (It) cuts without wounding and ennobles the man who wields it.†8 This nonviolent approach to Civil Rights could be seen in the way African-Americans used Buses to break down segregation; both in the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955 and the Freedom Rides in 1961. Claudette Colvin was 15 years old when she was arrested for refusing to move to the black section of a bus. Nine months later, a more famous bus arrest happened to Rosa Parks. Martin Luther King Jr. saw the opportunity to start a mass boycott coordinated the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), of which he was president of.9 The boycott lasted 13 months and was a major success, when bus segregation was abolished in Montgomery. This proved that peaceful methods could be used to successfully achieve change for Civil Rights. Another popular nonviolent method of civil disobedience were the â€Å"Sit-ins.† One famous â€Å"sit-in† was lead by the â€Å"Greensboro Four† a group of four African-American college students who sat at the lunch counter of a segregated store, sparking a wave of similar sit-ins around the country.10 The nonviolent mindset of many Civil Rights activists was often not reflected in the resistance they met, particularly in Southern states. The Freedom Rides of 1961 were originally led by thirteen college students, seven black and six white, who tr aveled with  interstate Greyhound buses from the North to the South to defy the segregated busing system and segregation at the interstate transportation facilities.11 As the movement grew in numbers and recognition, so did the violence that met them when the buses rolled into the South. Angry white mobs, mainly made up of KKK members, threw firebombs and beat and tortured the students as they stumbled out of the burning buses. As media caught wind of this and images began circulating, the nation was shocked. The eventual desegregation on the interstate buses was pushed in most part by the newly elected President John F. Kennedy and his brother, the Attorney General, Robert Kennedy.12 In the election of 1960, the two candidates were Richard Nixon for the Republican Party and John F. Kennedy for the Democratic Party, though he was part of a more liberal part of the Democratic party, causing much of the South to be somewhat hesitant in their support.13 The election ended up being one of the closest elections of US history, and Kennedy won mainly due to the first-ever televised presidential debate. Kennedy was good-looking, and charismatic whereas Nixon was nervous and sweating; unprepared for the media.14 He appointed his brother, Attorney General shortly thereafter. P resident Kennedy was a supporter of civil rights, but had to choose between the support of the South and his belief in civil rights, so he started taking only small steps towards progress. His brother was also a supporter of Civil Rights and helped by integrating the government. Many Civil Rights activists, who were hoping Kennedys would kick the Civil Rights Movement into motion were disappointed by the slow process. Kennedy changed his cautious approach after violence escalated in the town of Birmingham, Alabama as a result of a peaceful protest led by Martin Luther King Jr. The Birmingham Campaign of 1963 was located in Birmingham, Alabama, considered at the time to be â€Å"America’s most segregated city.† Martin Luther King Jr. took up the challenge of desegregating this town believing that if he could successfully desegregate the town of Birmingham, he could desegregate any town in America. A court order was obtained by the city against the protests, though Martin Luther King Jr., along with the other leaders of the movement decided to disobey the order and continue. King was arrested and kept in solitary confinement for eight days.15 The campaign leader came up with the idea to bring young people and even children into the protest, representing innocent and pure intentions of  young Civil Rights activists.16 On May 2nd, thousands of young people protested and hundreds were arrested. Images of policemen clubbing, shooting with high powered hoses, and releasing dogs on the youth flooded the media, causing once again, a very outraged nation. Pressure mounted on the government and President Kennedy. Kennedy, who had only been dipping his feet in the Civil Rights Movement until that moment, now cannonballed his way into full-fledged support of Civil Rights after giving a very clear message in his Civil Rights Address on June 11th, 1963, â€Å"The events in Birmingham and elsewhere have so increased the cries for equality that no city or State or legislative body can prudently choose to ignore them.†17 In this speech he also declared that he was going to propose an act allowing all Americans to use public facilities without facing discrimination or segregation, continuing the integration of schools, and other features, such as more protection for voters. This would be known as the Civil Rights Act, and would be passed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1964. Though the government had proved supportive in this case, many in the government tried to suppress the Civil Rights Movement, such as J. Edgar Hoover, the director of the FBI from 1924 to 1972. Many of the direct attacks on the Civil Rights Movement came from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and policemen, but the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover led a much more invasive attack on the movement and Dr. King in particular. J. Edgar Hoover was a white supremacist with no sympathy for Civil Rights and spent much of his time trying to discredit the movement and Dr. King. Even as the Red Scare died down in the 1950’s, being accused of communism or affiliations with communism was often a serious blow to a person’s career and reputation.18 The FBI and J. Edgar Hoover were also responsible for investigations against communist activities. Hoover used an allegation of communism to keep Martin Luther King Jr. and the movement under constant investigation and surveillance. He used tapes of Kennedy affairs as blackmail, so that President Kennedy would allow him to wiretap King’s phones in October 1963. What he found though, were not communist activities, but affairs King had. T he FBI then mailed the tapes to him, encouraging him to commit suicide to spare him public embarrassment.19 The FBI continued investigating King even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, when the FBI’s responsibility of investigating crimes against civil rights greatly increased.20 After King spoke out against the Vietnam War in  1967, the FBI saw this as proof that he was being influenced by communist advisers. However when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, the FBI launched a successful investigation finding his killer. Martin Luther King Jr.’s most famous speech, â€Å"I have a dream,† was given at the March on Washington on August 28th, 1963, the largest peaceful rally of the time with around 250,000 people of all ages, races, and walks of life. The march had been planned in 1941 by A. Philip Randolph for equality in the jobs market, but never happened after Randolph threatened the 100,000 strong march to President Roosevelt and Roosevelt passed the Fair Employment Act.21 The event was sponsored by numerous organizations and people. There were also a variety of speakers (among them a rabbi representing the overwhelming proportion of Jewish supporters of the civil rights movement22) and musicians including Bob Dylan.23 The most memorable moment, was of course, the speech of Martin Luther King Jr. towards the end of the event. This historical speech was not only on Civi l Rights, but also of the dream that King had of a nation where blacks and whites would live together in friendship and acceptance. 24 After the historical march, King and other Civil Rights leaders met with President Kennedy and Vice President Lyndon Johnson to discuss the necessity the complete support of Civil Rights.25 Some of the terms discussed in the aftermath of the March on Washington were reflected the the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act after Kennedy was assassinated. President Kennedy was the hope and inspiration of many young Americans of the Baby Boomer generation, especially African-Americans. In the midst of campaigning for his second term, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22nd, 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald. This stunned the American people and caused a wave confusion and grieving. The resulting mood was one of grief and apprehension of the future of the American government. Kennedy’s vice president was Lyndon B. Johnson, an avid supporter of Civil Rights and social justice, but also known for his â€Å"arm-twisting† methods of getting things through Cong ress and being a drunkard, was somewhat of a love-hate figure of American Politics. He used his questionable methods to push Kennedy’s proposed Civil Rights Act through Congress in 1964. The Act made it illegal for private businesses to discriminate, effectively destroying the Jim Crow system and making Civil Rights crimes a matter of the federal court, not the state court. The act was a huge step forward, but  did not address voting rights. Voting rights were passed in the Voting Rights Act of 1965 after a wave of violence in the town of Selma, Alabama when a nonviolent campaign to register African-American voters led by Martin Luther King Jr. and many Civil Rights leaders marched it’s way from Selma to Montgomery. Things began escalating about a month in on February 2nd, 1965 when a young African-American was shot to death by a state-trooper after trying to protect his mother from the police.26 This sparked the Selma to Montgomery March on March 7th, 1965. The march met a police blockade in Selma with clubs and tear gas and that day became known as â€Å"Bloody Sunday,† sparking national outrage. The march continued and was continually met by police and KKK brutality and added deaths. On August 6th, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act; the events in Selma greatly impacting the act. This is considered the â₠¬Å"political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement.†27 The movement began to stray from the nonviolent tradition in the late 1960’s and especially after Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4th, 1968. Many African-Americans in the North felt left out from the successes of the Civil Rights. The suburb culture of the 1950’s and 60’s led to a flood of rich white Americans moving out of the cities, leaving the poor African-Americans in the North, stuck in a cycle of poverty and crime. The more militant movement challenging Martin Luther King Jr.’s ideas was led by Malcolm X, formally part of the Nation of Islam. He promoted the idea of black pride and that African-Americans should defend themselves against white aggression.28 Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965, but his ideas of black pride led to the Black Power movement, empowering African-Americans and instilling a sense of pride among them. Unfortunately it also promoted a very â€Å"macho† culture, which was not very women’s rights friendly. Many consider the Civil Rights Movement to have ended in 1968, and may believe that racism is a thing of the past and that this generation has learned, as Martin Luther King Jr. said, â€Å"not be judge by the color of their skin but by the conte nt of their character.†29 Unfortunately, discrimination for many minorities is a very real part of their life in America today. There is statistical data showing that problems like discrimination in the workplace30, wealth gaps between races31, and disproportionately high crime and incarceration rates for minorities exist. A study done in 2000 to 2002, showed that most employers called back  applicants with resumes with white-sounding names (versus black-sounding names) more often than not.32 Nonwhite families earned approx. 65% of what white families earned in 2012.33 This gap between whites and minorities is a battle still being fought today. Many believe that the minorities are also unrepresented in the government, thus hindering any major progress for minorities. The Civil Rights movement was a movement against hundreds of years of oppression and discrimination. It was a movement that swept the country and changed the culture and politics of America forever, led by determined, courageous leaders whose names will always be remembered. It opened the economic, political, and social doors that African-Ameri cans had never had the privilege to explore in the days of segregation and discrimination. Though racism will probably always be present in some form, the impact of the civil rights movement was a necessary and undeniable step for all of mankind.

Competitor Analysis Essay Example for Free

Competitor Analysis Essay Tata Nanos competitors can be classified on three scales Economy, Performance and Convenience. Based on Economy Though Tata Nano was launched as the 1 Lakh car, its exact price range varies between Rs.1.59 lakhs to Rs.2.23 lakhs in the market at present. With this price range, in the four wheelers category there is Maruti 800, Maruti Suzuki OMNI, Maruti Alto 800 and Hyundai Eon which has a price lesser than Rs. 3 Lakh. Being the cheapest car available in India, they also have competitors in the two and three wheeler segments. Tata Nano would be the next best option for this segment of customers if the budget limit is in this range. Tata Nano positions itself to be a family car available to those who can afford a bit more than they would spend for a two wheeler. Based on Performance Tata Nano has a 624 cc engine and has a maximum power of 37.4 bhp. Compared to its counterparts in the same price range, Tata Nano has a disadvantage on its engine capacity and maximum power. Mileage is also a crucial factor for consumers in India who look for Value for Money products. Tata Nano claims a mileage of 22.2 Kmpl for its base model and this compromises on its engine capacity and other performance characteristics. Most of the other features of the probable competitors of Tata Nano are almost at parity with it. Based on Convenience During the planning stages of Tata Nano, the team of engineers who designed the vehicle faced the toughest challenge of releasing a car that was both attractive as well as cheap. Tata Nano is 8% shorter and has 21% more interior space than Maruti 800. Tata Motors Limited have given due importance for the design of this low budget car to not lose out in the market just because of it being unattractive. It has the best in class maneuverability lowest turning circle diameter. The weight of the vehicle is just 600 kg which is also comparatively lesser than Maruti and Hyundai Cars. This could be taken as both an advantage as well as a disadvantage. But in this case, the light weight of the vehicle contributes to some of the crucial distinguishing features of the car mentioned above. Some of the major launches by competitors that are specially focused to give competition to the Tata Nano are Bajajs RE60 and Renault has also announced that it would be releasing a new car in this category. None of the launches against Nano could disrupt Tata Nanos market share significantly. Tata Nano is also planning to bring in variations to its initial model to get in line with its re-launching scheme of focusing on a the youth segment than the family segment. Comparison of Specifications of Tata Nano and its closest competitors Top 10 best-selling cars in India

Internet Technology in Higher Education

Internet Technology in Higher Education Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide. Internet has become increasing popular for many uses such as business marketing, online shopping and education which are just a few of the many advantages the internet can provide. It is a network that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad area of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The internet carries a vast range of information and resources such as the internet linked hypertext documents of the world wide and infrastructure to support electronic mail. Most traditional communication media including telephone, music, film and defined the internet, giving birth to new services such as voice over internet protocol. Newspaper print, books and other print publishing are adapting to website technology are reshaped into blog ging and web feeds. The internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of human interaction through instant messaging, internet forums and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail, outlet and small traders. Nowadays we can say the whole university is connected through the internet even many different universities are connected with each other through the internet and technology. It is the main source of communication and connecting with each other. Internet connects the world together learning can be more interactive Technology affects nowadays practically most activities in our life. The new digital technology have economy, markets ,politics, our workplace, the ways we communicate with each other our home activities ,as well as operation of all level of education from kinder garden to doctoral studies. Now technology has changed our life. Both internet and technology are really very effective for education .These are two sides of the same coin .The internet and technology go side by side, so these effects on the higher studies from various ways such as education becomes more easier with the help of internet and technology. Internet is a tool that can be used in variety of ways such as it makes life easier; you can make communication with other, You can search upon anything which you want to find out. Internet, as most of us know, is a large network of networks, which communicate with each other by means of data packets. Internet is regarded as the largest information base. Today, Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. We depend on the internet to update ourselves about current news and rely on the communication platform it offers to get in touch with our near ones. The information from all around the world is just a click away, thanks to the internet. There are numerous advantages of the internet in education like gaining Information, news, historical data and, communication. Thats why the higher education becomes easier and flexible. The fast and relatively low cost access is one of the major benefits to people and a student all over the world as getting an Internet connection is easy. Communication information is the two most important advantages of the Internet in education. Secondly, information can be updated or modified at any time and for any number of times, which helps in learning and better understanding. Computer plays an important role in education system. Internet and technology does really effects upon the education because education is incomplete without internet and technology so that internet and technology are most important part of education. Nowadays higher education becomes much easier with the help of internet and technology. Internet has changed our lives because everything is possible with the help of internet. We can do everything with the help of Internet like communication is much easier and we can share everything with our family and friend by using internet. Internet is quite best technique for higher education as well as technology really good for the education because technology is also very help full for education. Technology improves students achievement such as in the medical line, in media, engineering and many more. Many different types of technology can be used to support and enhance learning. Various technologies deliver different kinds of content and serve different purposes in classrooms. For example, word processing, e-mail promotes communication skills, data base and spread sheet programs promote organizational skills, and modelling software promotes the understanding of science and math concepts. I t is important to consider how these electronic technologies differ and what characteristics make them important as vehicles for education. Technology available in classrooms today range from simple tool based application (such as word processor) to online repositories of scientific data and primary historical document to handheld computers closed -circuit television channels, and two way distance learning classrooms. Each technology is likely to play a different role in students learning. Even the cell phones that many students now carry with them can be used learn. The impact of all technologies on students are of two types like the one kind of technologies are being used in the classrooms for different -different purposes. Two general distinctions can be made. Students can learn from computers where technology used essentially as tutors and serve to increase students basic skills and knowledge, and can learn with computers -where technology is used a tool that can be applied to a variety of goals in the learning process and they can develop their creativity and research skills. So we can say that the higher study and higher education totally depends upon internet and technology. Nowadays, internet and technology giving us so many different ideas and things about education, we have a lot of material about education its only because of internet and technology. Internet makes everything so easy like we can say that communication becomes so easy with the help of internet. Higher level education like Bca, mca, bsc, msc, m.tech, b.tech relates to computer and is possible to do this study with the help of internet and technology because it is related to technology. Technology analyse the hardware and software. It implement about technique of study. Everything has its own negative and positive aspects so internet and technology affected both sides positively and negatively to higher education. Internet helps student in referring anything under the sun from language to science to medicine. It has made work much easier for student and teachers .student can refer anything from school project to their thesis work in college. Library reference has greatly reduced as student can browse entopic much faster in comfort of their own house and time. It helps student to do their homework, project and assignment. Knowledge is now at the tip of the finger. .There is so many disadvantages of internet because student has started wasting their time in chatting, playing computer games, browsing unnecessary things not required for them. Many parents fail to curb their from wasting time from browsing unnecessary things as the totally lack knowledge on internet. There are so many chances to misuse of internet and technology. The internet is a tool that can be used in a variety of ways. Since the introduction of internet and accessibility to the worldwide web, education has evolved from text book; flip to enriched multimedia documents presentation. The computer facilitates seamless flow of facts in a fraction. It is challenge to find any higher education course today that does not require the use of the internet in some form of another. The truth of the matter is that the internet has allowed education to be access to just 10 years ago. The internet has afforded us vast improvements in efficiency for that form of education called DISTANCE EDUCATION. In the past it is used to be managed via mail, radio and later television. Internet has changed our life and it is not different for students. The worldwide web offers a wealth of information which can be useful for every kind of information. Many students dont need to visit the library no more for research because u can find a plenty of encyclopaedias and many education sites when you browse through different internet sites. It is not only a source of information but you can also follow some online courses which may benefit knowledge about a certain course. It is also a used for communication with others students and even professors. There are several kinds of education where you need to consult a certain protected internet page to know your daily tasks and even the date and hour when the course take place. Face book and other networking sites are popular between students to share knowledge. They may also use some messaging services of the internet, for example yahoo messenger, window live messenger, mail which allows chatting between students. In short we can say that internet is a blessing when used wisely and appropreriately. After all these things we can say that the internet and technology totally effected to the higher education. Now everything is possible to do with the help of internet. Technology makes the education much easier so the higher education becomes so easy and intrusting.

Mirror for Man - People are the way that they are Raised :: Mirror for Man Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kluckhohn explained the differences and similarities among the world's peoples by taking different life examples of different cultured people and compared them to another person who was raised up in a different lifestyle. At first, he brought up several questions, asking why certain people do or don't do certain things. These questions were served as guides, which led on to the examples. They also served as attraction to the readers who are curious about different people from another culture. Then he went on to compare people from different cultures in his examples. He compared an American woman, who restricts her husband to only one mate, with a Koryak woman, who shares her husband with another woman; an American raised in China with the Americans raised here in the United States; and lastly, he compared people's reactions from eating the meat of chicken or tuna fish to that of a rattlesnake. Kluckhohn has a strong point in viewing human's culture. I agree with his definition of culture -- "the part of the environment that is the creation of human beings." People react to things differently because they were raised up in different environments with different cultures. No matter who the person is, or where he (or she) was born, his behavior and his personality traits developments would depend on the environment that he is living in. The way people think, feel, react, and behave also are depended upon life experiences. They feel different emotions because they have felt this emotional happiness or sadness before. They think what is right and what is wrong because they have learned from past experiences. They react to different things because they experienced things that please them and the things that displease them. They behave in certain ways because they want to design their way of living into what they have admired from other people's lives. I was born in Hong Kong, the school systems and the people living there are very strict in comparing with the United States. Over in Hong Kong, students go to school for seven hours and then they would go home and spend another seven or eight hours on homework. The school system really forces you to study and do your homework to stay up with the rest of the class. But yet, the students would accept the homework assignments without complaining because they are use to doing so much homework and taking the pressure.

Native American Policy :: American America History

Native American Policy In the 30 years after the Civil War, although government policy towards Native Americans intended to shift from forced separation to integration into American society, attempts to "Americanize" Indians only hastened the death of their culture and presence in the America. The intent in the policy, after the end of aggression, was to integrate Native Americans into American society. Many attempts at this were made, ranging from offering citizenship to granting lands to Indians. All of these attempts were in vain, however, because the result of this policies is much the same as would be the result of continued agression. Beginning in the 1860s and lasting until the late 1780s, government policy towards Native Americans was aggressive and expressed zero tolerance for their presence in the West. In the last 1850s, tribal leaders and Americans were briefly able to compromise on living situations and land arrangements. Noncompliance by Americans, however, resumed conflict. The beginning of what would be called the "Indian Wars" started in Minnesota in 1862. Sioux, angered by the loss of much of their land, killed 5 white Americans. What resulted was over 1,000 deaths, of white and Native Americans. From that point on, American policy was to force Indians off of their land. American troops would force Indian tribe leaders to accept treaties taking their land from them. Protests or resistance by the Indians would result in fighting. On occasion, military troops would even lash out against peaceful Indians. Their aggression became out of control. Indian policy gradually shifted from this aggressive mindset to a more peaceable and soft line policy. The Indian Wars ended in 1980 with the Battle of Wounded Knee. The battle resulted in over 200 deaths, but also, almost officially, marked a change in Indian policy. Although the change had subtly began before then, policies then became more kind. The Peace Commission created the reservation policy, although this was created 27 years before the Battle at Wounded Knee. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was the greatest of reform efforts. The Act provided the granting of landholding to individual Native Americans, replacing communal tribal holdings. Another policy, the Burke Act of 1906, allowed Indians to become citizens if they left their tribes. Citizenship was eventually granted to all Native Americans in the 1920s. Although the intentions of Indian policy shifted, the outcomes of these policies still helped to suppress Native Americans and their culture.

Gene Therapy for Cancer Essay -- Research Papers

Cancer occurrs by the production of multiple mutations in a single cell that causes it to proliferate out of control. Cancer cells often different from their normal neighbors by a host of specific phenotypic changes, such as rapid division rate, invasion of new cellular territories, high metabolic rate, and altered shape. Some of those mutations may be transmitted from the parents through the germ line. Others arise de novo in the somatic cell lineage of a particular cell. Cancer-promoting mutations can be identified in a variety of ways. They can be cloned and studied to learn how they can be controlled. Several methods such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have been used to treat cancers. The cancer patients who are not helped by these therapies may be treated by gene therapy. Gene therapy is the insertion of a functional gene into the cells of a patient to correct an inborn error of metabolism, to alter or repair an acquired genetic abnormality, and to provide a new function to a cell. Two basic types of gene therapy have been applied to humans, germinal and somatic (1). Germinal gene therapy, which introduces transgenic cells into the germ line as well as into the somatic cell population, not only achieve a cure for the individual treated, but some gametes could also carry the corrected genotype. Somatic gene therapy focuses only on the body, or soma, attempting to effect a reversal of the disease phenotype by treating some somatic tissues in the affected individual. One of the most promising approaches to emerge from the improved understanding of cancer at the molecular level is the possibility of using gene therapy to selectively target and destroy tumor cells, for example, the loss of tumor suppressor genes ... ...rine Interleukin-4 Displays Potent Anti-tumor Activity In Vivo. Cell 57. P. 503-512. 8. Trojan, J. Et al. Treatment and Prevention of Rat Glioblastoma by Immunogenic C6 Cells Expressing Antisense Insulin-like Growth Factor I RNA. Science 259. p. 94-97. 9. Hwu, P. Et al. 1993. Functional and Molecular Characterization of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes Transduced with Tumor Necrosis Factor-r cDNA for the Gene Therapy of Cancer in Humans. J. Immunol. 150. p. 4104-4115. 10. Sorrentino, B.P. et al. 1992. Selection of Drug-Resistant Bone Marrow Cells in Vivo After Retroviral Transfer of Human MDR1. Science 257. P. 99-103. 11. Oldfield, E.H., Culver, K.W., Ram, Z., and Blaese, R.M. 1993. Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Brain Tumors using Intra-Tumoral Transduction with the Thymidine Kinase Gene and Intravenous ganciclovir. Hum. Gene Ther. 4. P. 39-69.

Genting Plantation Berhad

Genting Plantations Berhad (â€Å"Genting Plantations†), formerly known as Asiatic Development Berhad, is one of the fastest growing plantation companies listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia (formerly known as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange). Incorporated in Malaysia as a private limited company on 29 September 1977, under the name of Asiatic Development Sdn Bhd, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Genting Berhad (â€Å"Genting†) on 22 February 1980 to spearhead Genting's plantation business. Listed on Bursa Malaysia on 30 August 1982, Genting Plantations currently ranks amongst the top 10 listed companies in terms of market capitalisation in the plantation sector. As at 30 April 2009, Genting Plantations is a 54. 7% owned subsidiary of Genting Berhad. In April 1980, Genting Plantations commenced business through the successful acquisition of the Rubber Trust Group comprising 3 Hong Kong domiciled rubber companies which owned some 13,700 hectares of plantation land in Peninsular Malaysia. In June 1981, the Ko Rubber Companies, which owned about 10,000 hectares of plantation land in Peninsular Malaysia, were acquired by Genting Group and through a restructuring exercise in 1983, some 9,268 hectares of these plantation land and businesses were transferred to Genting Plantations. In the same year, Genting Plantations acquired a further 676 hectares of oil palm plantation and a 30 tonne per hour oil mill. These acquisitions would have now proven to be most astute decisions judging by the development potential of some of the land and the capital appreciation that has since taken place, particularly the 3,200 hectare – Genting Kulai Besar Estate which is now being developed as the mega Genting Indahpura project in Kulai, Johor. Recognising the scarcity of land in Peninsular Malaysia, Genting Group started making inroads into Sabah. In 1985, Genting Group acquired Asiatic SDC Sdn Bhd, whose plantation business comprised some 4,000 hectares of oil palm plantation and a 20 tonnes per hour oil mill. In a subsequent rationalisation of Genting Group's plantation activities, ownership of ASDC was transferred to Genting Plantations in 1991. A quick succession of land acquisitions in Sabah ensued for Genting Plantations, starting with the takeover of Tanjung Bahagia Sdn Bhd in 1988 which owns 8,094 hectares of jungle land, followed by a joint venture arrangement with Landworthy Sdn Bhd (now known as Asiatic Tanjung Bahagia Sdn Bhd) in 1989 which added another 4,039 hectares. Between 1991 and 1996, another 5,730 hectares were acquired. With all these jungle lands fully cultivated, Genting Plantations, with its long term vision to further its plantation interest, continues to expand its land bank. Notable acquisitions include the 8,830-hectare agricultural land near the Sungai Tongod and the 5,611-hectare oil palm estate near Bukit Garam in 2001 and 2002 respectively. And in May 2004, Genting Plantations has completed yet another acquisition of some 6,753 hectares of oil palm estates together with a 60 tonnes per hour oil mill in Kinabatangan, Sabah. In June 2005, Genting Plantations embarked on its maiden foray into the plantation business overseas. This expansion of plantation activities in the Republic of Indonesia is on a joint venture basis with a respectable palm oil producer in the country, the Sepanjang Group. The Genting Plantations-Sepanjang 70:30 joint venture will develop some 76,000 hectares of agricultural land into oil palm plantation. Genting Plantations entered into another joint venture in 2008 to develop 45,000 hectares in Ketapang. Following these recent acquisitions, Genting Plantations's current land bank is slated to increase to over 186,000 hectares in Indonesia and Malaysia; an impressive 14-fold increase since 1980. The Group continues to be actively working towards adding more. At present, Genting Plantations owns 6 oil mills, one in Peninsular Malaysia, which attained the ISO 9002(1994) Quality Management Systems status in 2001 (which was subsequently updated to the ISO 9001(2000) in 2002) and the others in Sabah. Total milling capacity to date is 265 tonnes per hour. In 1994, Genting Plantations entered into a joint venture with a Sarawak state agency to establish a 30/60 tonnes per hour palm oil mill in Serian, Sarawak. This mill scored a hattrick when it was awarded the Anugerah Industri Sawit Malaysia, in recognition of its high oil extraction rate, by PORLA since its commissioning in August 1997. Whilst plantation business remains the core activity, Genting Plantations has since ventured into property development with the objectives to unlock the potential of its strategically located land bank and to reduce its dependence on single source income. The first project by Genting Plantations's property arm, Genting Property Sdn Bhd (â€Å"Genting Property†) is the 55-hectare Genting Cheng Perdana in Central Melaka. Officially launched in October 1993, the project has turned out to be quite a success with its first phase of single- and double-storey houses completed and handed over to purchasers about 9 months ahead of schedule. Since then, 3 other phases have been completed and handed over in good time. What followed next was the launching of the 284-hectare Genting Permaipura project in late 1994. Located about 10 km from the fast-growing town of Sungai Petani, Kedah, a town poised to become the commercial/industrial hub of the northern region in Malaysia, Genting Permaipura comprises commercial and entertainment centres, bungalow lots, residential houses and shop-offices. Also included in this project is an 18-hole golf course with a 2-tier driving range which sprawls over 160 acres of prime land against the majestic backdrop of Gunung Jerai and a clubhouse, The Genting Permaipura Golf & Country Club. Further, in its push to the forefront of property development, Genting Property had embarked on another project – the massive Genting Indahpura or â€Å"Beautiful City† project at Kulai, Johor. Spanning over 30 years, this project located just 30 km north from the bustling and fast growing city of Johor Bahru involves the development of about 3,200 hectares of plantation land in Kulai, Johor, into a self-contained township. Genting Indahpura is conceptualised as a fully-integrated development complementing the State's plan to upgrade the existing Kulai town into a sub-regional centre complete with all modern amenities and convenience, and generously landscaped town parks and green lungs for healthy and recreational pursuits. The project's attraction lies in its excellent location which enjoys easy access from virtually every transportation route – road linkages through the North-South Expressway and the Second Link from Singapore; air linkages through the Sultan Ismail International airport in Senai 10 minutes away; and rail links through the Federal Railway lines. Genting Plantations also has other large tracts of land with development potential. These will continuously be monitored as to the timing and the type of development most suited in relation to their locations. With low land holding cost and huge reserves of own land bank, Genting Plantations can aspire to play a bigger role in the property sector in Malaysia in the near future. Moving forward, the Group, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Asiatic Centre for Genome Technology Sdn Bhd (â€Å"ACGT†), has ventured into the biotechnology industry in 2006. ACGT has set up an equally owned joint venture with Synthetic Genomics Inc â€Å"Synthetic Genomics†), a privately held company dedicated to commercializing synthetic genomic processes and naturally occurring processes for alternative energy resources. The joint venture is tasked to carry out research and development activities on the use of genomics-based techniques and tools to increase the yield and profit stream from crop plants. It will initially focus on whole genome sequencing of oil palm. Synthetic Genomics, which was founded by genome pioneer J Craig Venter, Ph. D. will use its expertise in DNA sequencing to enable SGSI-Asiatic Limited to develop a comprehensive genomic study of oil palm whilst ACGT will be the exclusive agent and sole licensee, on a worldwide basis, for commercialising the technologies developed. In May 2008, the joint venture announced that it had successfully completed the first draft assembly of the oil palm genome. For more information, please visit www. acgt. asia. Genting Plantations is actively involved in environmental conservation and committed to sustainable development of oil palm cultivation. Since 1999, Genting Plantations has collaborated with World Wide Fund for Nature (â€Å"WWF†) in support of its â€Å"Partners for Wetlands†) programme to conserve the Kinabatangan floorplains aimed at rehabilitating and restoring riverine and wetland habitats as wildlife sanctuary and preservation of biodiversity. The Kinabatangan floorplains will serve as a corridor for wildlife movement of Borneo flagship species, such as pygmy elephant, orang utan and proboscis monkey. The Group, noted as the first plantation company to participate in the programme, has extended its partnership with WWF for another 15 years from 2006. On the international front, the Group is one of the first 14 members of the Roundtable of Sustainable Palm Oil (â€Å"RSPO†), a multi-stakeholder association, whose primary objective is to promote the production and use of sustainable palm oil through co-operation within the supply chain and open dialogue with its stakeholders. Genting Plantations will continue to pursue and adopt good plantation management practices to uphold the well being of the environment it operates in.

Visiting Museums

It’s not a secret that Internet is a great effective source of different information, and if one does not have time or physical opportunity to visit a museum or gallery and enjoy its collections, now it is possible to do this using Internet. A great deal of the world’s museums and art galleries have own Internet sites and present their collections online for everyone to see. Also, such sites usually have a lot of educational information about the artists and their main artworks, different artistic styles and so on. In my opinion, the site of the Metropolitan Museum of Art is the most attractive and interesting from the four sties I was looking through. From its first page designed in warm grey and purple tones, the viewer can see and feel the atmosphere of a museum. The site contains a huge database collection, as well as rich educational resources. Tate Online is another very interesting site. This Internet resource is very easy to navigate and anyone can find a necessary item of its collection without a problem. I would, certainly, go to both of these museums after visiting their web-sites. Two other sites are poorer in their design and have obvious lack of artistic approach to the presentation of the materials. I liked the site of the Museum of Modern Art, because it is well-illustrated and has a clear and plane organization. However, it is a bit overloaded with different information and its visitors can get confused. Finally, I have to say that the site of the museum El Museo Del Barrio is too very simple and colorless, so one may think that it is the site of a library or a governmental institution. To my mind, if the employees of this museum want to attract public attention, they should make a better site. Looking through the Internet databases of the Metropolitan Museum, I was especially impressed by the work of Robert Swain Gifford Near the Coast. This painting mesmerizes with its realistic presentation of a coastline in stormy weather. Gray and very low clouds swinging over the shoreline substantially narrow the perspective of the painting and make the observer feel a little distressed, melancholic and, maybe, even feel cold. On the Internet pages of Tate Museum I found the work of Sir David Wilkie The Blind Fiddler. The author focuses on the emotions of the people who are listening to the playing of the fiddler. It seems like only little children are really impressed and response to the music. However, the adults at the painting are deepened in their own problems or thoughts. This work is a beautiful example of classic art presenting social motifs. Finally, the online collection of the Museum of Modern Art contains a lot of interesting works of modern styles, but I paid attention on a drawing of a French artist Charles Camoin Seated Woman. This drawing was made simply with ink and brush on a paper, but it really impressed me with the exact forms and perfect lines of the woman’s silhouette. Despite the simplicity of this work, it is quite deep and very realistic. Certainly, watching artworks in virtual galleries and in real life are two absolutely different experiences. When observing the artworks in museum, broad daylight gives us the opportunity to enjoy their true deep colors and facture. In museum it is possible to see better the forms and details of cubic content of three-dimensional artworks. Also, one can observe the paintings in close approach and enjoy every line or brush-touch. Besides, sometimes the entourage of the museum advantages the artworks and makes them look more beautiful. I used to be an appreciator of classic style in arts, but after visiting the web-sites of these museums I got interested and impressed with some modern artworks, especially drawings and paintings of modern artists in Tate Museum. That is why I will certainly look for modern art exhibitions and visit them with my friends or family. Works Cited: El Museo. El Museo Del Barrio. 5 Apr. 2008

Beowulf: Pagan Values Tied with Christianity

The poem titled Beowulf was composed sometime between the seventh and tenth century in a language that is known as Anglo-Saxon. It incorporates many pagan themes and concepts, yet it also contains many references to Christianity. Although paganism and Christianity can be seen as unalike, the two aspects are brought together by the poet in order to show the need for grouping. The pagan themes, such as fate or the common goal of fame and heroism, raise questions in the religious community that could be misleading or misinterpreted without the Christian insight provided in the text.As a result, it is clear that this combination of pagan concepts and Christianity shown in Beowulf is for a Christian audience. In order to enhance the value of the poem Beowulf, the author reconciles pagan concepts such as fame, vengeance, and fate with Christianity. The pagan concepts play key parts in the storyline and are related to the components of Christianity in the poem. One of the pagan concepts dep icted in Beowulf is fame. Other ancient texts, such as The Odyssey and The Iliad, show warriors who venture out far from home to accomplish heroic tasks and build fame.The poem shows Beowulf and other characters in the story to have the same urge. Beowulf is shown early in the story as â€Å"the mightiest man on earth, high-born and powerful† (p. 15). The concept of fame is very important to him and to his people. After hearing of Grendel and his strength, Beowulf declares â€Å"to heighten Hygelac’s fame and gladden his heart, I hereby renounce sword†¦: hand to hand is how it will be, a life-and-death fight with the fiend† (p. 31). He wants to maximize not only his own fame but the fame of his king.He will fight Grendel equally matched and â€Å"perform to the uttermost what your people wanted or perish in the attempt, in the fiend’s clutches† (p. 43). The pagan concept of fame is accomplished when Beowulf defeats Grendel and gives the arm of the creature to Hrothgar. Beowulf has proven his skills and strength by ridding the land of Grendel and Hrothgar praises him by stating, â€Å"You have made yourself immortal by your glorious actions† (p. 63). Although the idea of fame at this time conflicts with certain notions of Christianity, the author reconciles the two by adding many references to God with the achievement of fame.The author is able to attribute both Christian concepts and heroism to God through the dialogue of Hrothgar. When Hrothgar arrives in the mead-hall the morning after the slaying, he first thanks God by saying, â€Å"let the Almighty Father be thanked†¦the Heavenly Shepard can work His wonders always†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 63). He praises Beowulf and states that the killing of Grendel was accomplished â€Å"with the Lord’s assistance† (p. 63). Another example of the ties between God and fame is when Hrothgar gives his speech to Beowulf over the dangers of power. He tells the stor y of Heremod, a king who eventually loses everything due to selfishness, to Beowulf. Almighty God had made him eminent and powerful and marked him from the start for a happy life†¦ a change happened, gave no more rings to honour the Danes†¦ he suffered in the end†¦his life lost happiness† (p. 119). The story shows that God is the true beholder of power and when man strays from Him, or lives a life of no values, He has the power to take away happiness and power. The only way to live on earth is through the grace of God. Consequently, the pagan concept of fame ties back to God and is reconciled to Christianity. Another concept of paganism found in the poem is the concept of vengeance.The first sign of vengeance comes clear when Grendel’s mother becomes aware of Grendel’s death. She is infuriated and â€Å"desperate for revenge† (p. 89). She had no interest in the Danes or Geats until the death of her son. She goes to the mead-hall, kills Aesch ere, and takes back Grendel’s remaining corpse. This anger and desire to avenge Grendel’s death also leads to her eventual death when Beowulf meets her at the mere and kills her with the mystical sword. After killing Grendel’s mother and resurfacing to land, Beowulf tells his men, â€Å"if God had not helped me, the outcome would have been quick and fatal† (p. 15). The author seems to imply that latching onto anger and vengeance leads to the destruction of oneself. It can also be interpreted that Beowulf was aided by God to destroy Grendel’s mother due to her fixed desire to wreak havoc and revenge on the mead-hall. This can be seen as the authors attempt to reconcile vengeance with Christianity. Another example of vengeance can be seen when Grendel’s mother kills Aeschere and Hrothgar mourns over his death. Beowulf tries to console Hrothgar by saying, â€Å"Wise sir, do not grieve. It is always better to avenge dear ones than to indulge in mourning. † (p. 97).This shows the importance of avenging the death of one’s comrade or friend to Beowulf and also the contrast between vengeance and Christian belief. After Beowulf finishes his boast, Hrothgar â€Å"sprang to his feet and praised God for Beowulf’s pledge† (p. 97) This is another attempt by the poet to reconcile the pagan concept of vengeance with Christianity. The desire to seek vengeance is discouraged through Christianity, and in the case of Grendel’s mother, can result in the destruction of oneself. Although, the question rises as to why Beowulf wasn’t corrected for seeking vengeance on Grendel’s mother.This is where a third pagan concept is seen in Beowulf; the pagan concept of fate. The pagan concept of fate in Beowulf is mentioned in association with good and bad fortune. For example, when explaining Hygelac’s death, the author states â€Å"fate swept him away because of his proud need to provoke a feud with the Frisians† (p. 85). The use of fate in this context refers to bad fortune due to Hygelac’s desire to stir up a confrontation with the Frisians. At an earlier point in the story, Beowulf tells Hrothgar, â€Å"no need to lament for long or lay out my body: if the battle takes me†¦Fate goes ever as fate must! (p. 31). Here Beowulf leaves the decision to fate, which is a concept of paganism, but there is no mention of fate being controlled by God. This is in direct conflict with Christianity and the author is does associate fate with Christianity in other portions of the text. For example, when Beowulf is declaring his formal boast to kill Grendel, he states, â€Å"And may the Divine Lord in His wisdom grant the glory of victory to whichever side He sees fit† (p. 47). This example shows Beowulf’s demonstration of his Christian beliefs and acknowledgement that it is ultimately up to God who will win the fight.After the fight with Grendel’s mother, Beowulf makes another declaration of fate when he states â€Å"it was hard-fought, a desperate affair that could have gone badly; if God had not helped me, the outcome would have been quick and fatal† (p. 115). Beowulf surrenders himself to God and is fully aware that his fate was left to God’s will. Beowulf once again shows his belief in not only the pagan concept of fate but in God as well. Therefore, the author has successfully reconciled fate with Christianity. In order to enhance the value of the poem Beowulf, the author reconciles pagan concepts such as fame, vengeance, and fate with Christianity.These concepts are seen all throughout the poem and act as representation for the relationship between pagan concepts and Christianity. Although in some areas the two aspects of Anglo-Saxon life can be seen in conflict, as in the pagan concept of vengeance, the two seem to be interrelated. Although Beowulf is an epic narrative, it is full of Christian elements t hat show the beliefs of Christians today venture back in time to as early as the seventh century. Christian customs, such as man believing in God and the presence of good in the world, make this pagan story into what is now believed to be a primary Christian story amongst many.

Guava Leaves

The purpose of this investigatory project is to prove that herbal plants can cure skin disorders like acne that is irritating and can low our confidence who are going to the stage of puberty like me that’s why I searched on the internet about herbal plants that can treat skin disorders, and I found one guava.Guava has many constituents and high contents which are characterized by their antioxidant functions these nutrients can treat acne that is irritating and boost our confidence down whose going to the stage of puberty like me and 30+ who is still having this type of skin disorder this investigatory project that we can use the extracts of guava to treat acne.Background of the study and introductionGuava plants in the myrtle family which contains about 100 species of tropical shrubs, nowadays people are focusing in herbal plants especially those who are common in the environment. One of the example is the guava plant (Psidium guajava Linn). Based on research this plant is goo d for healing and treating wounds and other skin infections. So in my research I wan't to make a bathing soap out of it, cause I know that it is effective.People, researchers, scientists were focusing to medicinal plants. They want to prove that there are plants that are more effective against diseases especially in skin. This study refers to a plant that can be made into a bathing soap and improves its quality while using this plant (guava leaves). I want people to handle easily in treating their skin disorders. Instead of boiling the leaves, now it’s easy to apply. Boiling takes much time.Statement of the ProblemI stated that Guava leaves extract is good for skin. Based on my research, it has many constituents that are good for skin. It answers the following questions:Is there any constituent of guave leaves that is good for skin? * What are those?It can really treat skin disorders/ Acne?HypothesisCan guava leaves can treat/cure acnes using its extract and making a soap tha t can be used on face for treating acne. Yes, the extract of the guava leaves can be used in making soap and can be used on treating acne my acne has lessen for I applied it on my face for a week.Significance of the StudyYou can make a bathing soap with guave leaves extract as treatment for acne. This plant is very common to our environment, and aside of its avaibility; it is easy to cultivate. It contains many components for healing skin disorders.Scope and LimitationThe study of guava leaves and getting their extract is often useful. It has the ability to treat, cure, disinfect skin disorders and capable of being a herbal plant for acnes.Definition of TermsAstringent- antiseptic propertiesDecoction- infusion of fresh leaves used for wound cleaning and skin to prevent infection and to facilitate healing. Good for skin disorders.Volatile- a substance that changes into a vapor at a relatively low temperature.Eugenol- oily liquid from doves. (C10H12O2)Cloves- aromatic spice from the d ried flower bud of a tropical tree.Tannin- a brownish or yellowish substance found in plants and used in astringents. Saponins- soap from plants; any group of chemical substances extracted from plants that form a soapy lather mixed with water and are used to make soap and detergent.Amydalin- resin used in paints and adhesives.Resin- yellow or brown color and organic substance from plants. Malic Acid- acid from fruit; a colorless crystalline solid found in fruits such as apples. (C4H6O5)Aldehydes- organic compound; a highly reactive organic compound produced by the oxidation of an alcohol and having a CHO group especially the acetaldehyde Ash- the powdery substance that is left when something has been burntGuava:Scientific Name: Psidium GuajavaMethodologyMaterials:Beaker.Molder.NaOH (sodium hydroxide) (60 grams) (150 ml) solution Gas stove.Guava Leaves.The procedurePrepare the stove to be used. Boil it for 10 minutes (Low Heat); Separate the skin from the extract. Put it in a clean c ontainer, let it cool and then set aside. Prepare the Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) or Lye. Put in a container. (Note: Read first the directions in using Lye. For Example: Don’t put the NaOH on aluminum containers.You must use rubber gloves and Masks in dealing with lye and with other chemical substances. Don’t play with them and Keep out of reach of children.) Put some oil (3 tbsp.) and Water (3 tbsp.). Mix it thoroughly. Put the extract of the fruits to the mixture. (1/2 tbsp.). Stir the mixture continuously in a single direction. (Note: Make sure the mixture is viscous)Let it dry for about 2 days or more.Results, Discussion, Conclusion and RecommendationThe researchers found out that the 4 seasons fruits can help minimize pimples and pores. It can also help clear skin impurities because of the anti-oxidants that the soap contains. This research gave us a hard time because there are a lot of instances that the measurements of the ingredients would not compliment the desire d results. There can also be a downside in this experiment because the soap is not intended to be used in scars because it might irritate it and it stings.The researchers therefore conclude that the guava extract soap can reduce pimples and other skin impurities.This is shown by the experiment that we conducted by putting various kinds of ingredients in different amounts and sizes. The experiment was successful because the researchers came up with their desired result even after several tries.Conclusion and RecommendationThe researchers therefore conclude that the guava extract soap can reduce pimples and other skin impurities.This is shown by the experiment that we conducted by putting various kinds of ingredients in different amounts and sizes. The experiment was successful because the researchers came up with their desired result even after several tries.

Bipolar Disorder Essay Research Paper Bipolar DisorderThe

Bipolar Disorder Essay, Research Paper Bipolar Disorder The phenomenon of bipolar affectional upset has been a enigma since the sixteenth century. Bipolar upset or as the surrogate names, frenzied depressive unwellness or affectional bipolar upset can be classified as a temper upset characterized by temper swings from Manis ( overdone feeing of wellbeing ) to depression. History has shown that this affliction can look in about anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to hold had bipolar upset. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar upset ; nevertheless, despite the copiousness of people enduring from the it, we are still waiting for definite accounts for the causes and remedy. The one fact of which we are distressingly cognizant is that bipolar upset badly undermines its? victims ability to obtain and keep societal and occupational success. It is besides believed that the Li degree is what causes these temper swings. Because bipolar upset has such debilitating symptoms, it is imperative that we remain argus-eyed in the pursuit for accounts of its causes and intervention. A smorgasborg of symptoms that can be broken into manic and depressive episodes characterized by affectional upsets. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of unhappiness and desperation that can go feelings of hopelessness and weakness. Either the manic or the depressive episodes can rule and bring forth few temper swings or the spiels of temper swings my be cyclic. Some of the symptoms of a depressive episode include anhedonia, perturbations in slumber and appetency, psycomoter deceleration, loss of energy, feelings of ineptitude, guilt, trouble thought, indecisiveness, and perennial ideas of decease and self-destruction ( Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ) . Some of the other symptoms that may happen in the depressive phase can be besides fatigue that can last anyplace from hebdomads to months and a individual may non be cognizant of why this is really go oning. Daytime drowsiness can besides happen doing it difficult for a individual with this unwellness to keep down any kind of a occupation for a length of clip. Unintentional weightloss can do the physician go in a different way in this doing it hard for them in diagnosing because of all the possible symptoms that a individual may exhibit. A individual may besides hold some memory loss episodes or episodes of memory loss, traveling space for a periods of clip. They may non even be cognizant that they have a household to take attention of their occupati ons. The frenzied episodes are characterized by elevated or irratable temper, increased energy, decreased demand for slumber, hapless judgement and penetration, and frequently foolhardy or irresponsible behaviour ( Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ) . When a individual is in the frenzied statge they may go agitated which makes them more chatty than usual or they feel pressured to maintain speaking, they besides may contorting their custodies or restlessness because they feel unsure of the state of affairs that they are in and seem to hold merely utmost restlessness to them. They might look to hold put on rather a spot of weight and choler highly easy. Their fickle behaviour can do it difficult for their households to be around them. Finally forcing their households aside and the diagnosing is harder to acquire because of the deficiency of support from others and their behaviour is frequently so away. In this phase the sexual activity can be increased dramatically, doing the patient seek other people to be with if they are non fulfilled in their relationship at place. This can take to the break of the household unit. This disease is really serious and can impact anyone. Bipolar upset affects about one per centum of the population ( about three million people ) in the United States. Bipolar Disorder can impact both males and females and involves episodes of passion and depression.. Bipolar upset is diagnosed if an episode of passion occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or non ( Goodwin, Guze, 1989, p 11 ) . Persons with frenzied episodes most normally see a period of depression. The rarest symptoms were periods of loss of all involvement and deceleration or agitation ( Weisman, 1991 ) . As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association ( MDMDA ) has demonstrated, bipolar upset can make significant developmental holds, matrimonial and household breaks, occupational reverses, and fiscal catastrophes, loss of occupations and 1000000s of dollars in cost in society.As the patient ages or acquire older they report that the depressions are longer and increase in frequence. Many times bipolar provinces and psychotic provinces are misdiagnos ed as schizophrenic disorder. Particularly if the household history exhibits schizophrenic disorder or some other unwellness. Bipolar is most distinguished with households that have mental unwellness in their background and can happen most frequently in those scenes than in any other, although it can impact anyone. Speech patterns assist separate between the two upsets ( Lish, 1994 ) . The oncoming of Bipolar upset normally occurs between the ages of 20 and 30 old ages of age, with a 2nd extremum in the fortiess for adult females. A typical bipolar patient may see eight to ten episodes in their bipolar Disorder 3 life-time. However, those who have rapid cycling may see more episodes of passion and depression that win each other without a period of remittal ( DSM III-R ) . Rapid cycling agencies that their temper alterations several times a twenty-four hours. The three phases of passion Begin with hypomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extrospective and self-asserting ( Hirschfeld,1995 ) . The hypomania province has led perceivers to experience that bipolar patients are addicted to their passion. Hypomania progresses into passion and the passage is marked by loss of judgement ( Hirschfeld, 1995 ) .Often, euphoric grandiose features are displayed, and paranoiac or cranky features begin to attest. The 3rd phase of passion is apparent when the patient experiences psychotic beliefs with frequently paranoid subjects. Address is by and large rapid and overactive behaviour manifests sometimes associated with force ( Hirschfeld, 1995 ) . When both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same clip it is called a assorted episode. Those afflicted are a particular hazard because there is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiousness that makes them experience like they could leap out of their tegument ( Hirschfeld, 1995 ) . Up to 50 % of all patients with passions have a mixture of down tempers. Patients study experiencing distressed, down, and unhappy ; yet, they exhibit the energy associated with passion. Rapid cycling passion is another presentation of bipolar upset. Mania may be present with four or more distinguishable episodes within a 12 month period. There is now grounds to propose that sometimes rapid cycling may be a transeunt manifestation of the bipolar upset. This signifier of the disease exhibits more episodes of passion and depression than bipolar. Lithium has been the primary intervention of bipolar upset since Bipolar Disorder 4 it s debut in the 1960’s. It is chief map is to stabilise the cycling feature of bipolar upset. In four controlled surveies by F. K. Goodwin and K. R. Jamison, the overall response rate for bipolar topics treated with Lithium was 78 % ( 1990 ) . Lithium is besides the primary drug used for long- term care of bipolar upset. In a bulk of bipolar patients, it lessens the continuance, frequence, and badness of the episodes of both mania and depression. Unfortunately, every bit many as 40 % of bipolar patients are either unresponsive to lithium or can non digest the side effects. Some of the side effects include thirst, weight addition, sickness, diarrhoea, and edema it may besides rise the suicide potency that is present with sustained depression. Patients who are unresponsive to lithium intervention are frequently those who experience distressed passion, assorted provinces, or rapid cycling bipolar upset. One of the jobs associated with Li is the fact the long-run Li intervention ha s been associated with reduced thyroid operation in patients. Preliminary grounds besides suggest that hypothyroidism may really take to rapid-cycling ( Bauer et al. , 1990 ) . Pregnant adult females experience another rporblem associated with the usage of Li. Its usage during gestation has been associated with birth defects, peculiarly Ebstein’s anomalousness. Based on current informations, the hazard of a kid with Ebstein’s anomaly being born to a female parent who took Li during her first trimester of gestation is about 1 in 8,000, or 2.5 times that of the general population ( Jacobson et al. , 1992 ) . There are other effectual interventions for bipolar upset that are used in instances where the patients can non digest Li or have been unresponsive to it in the yesteryear. The American Psychiatric Association # 8217 ; s guidelines suggest the following line of intervention to be Anticonvulsant drugs such as valproate and carbamazepine. These drugs are utile as antimanic agents, particularly in those patients with assorted provinces. Both of these medicines can be used in combination with Li or in combination with each other. Valproate is particularly helpful for patients who are lithium defiant, experience rapid-cycling, or have comorbid intoxicant or drug maltreatment. Major tranquilizers such as Haldol or Thorazine have besides been used to assist stabilise frenzied patients who are extremely agitated or psychotic. Use of these drugs is frequently necessary because the response to them are rapid, but there are hazards involved in their usage. Because of the frequently terrible side effects, Benzodiazepines are frequently used in their topographic point. Benzodiazepines can accomplish the same consequences as Neuroleptics for most patients in footings of rapid control of agitation and exhilaration, without the terrible side effects. Some physicians as intervention for bipolar upset have used antidepressants such as the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine re-uptake inhibitors ( SSRI? s ) fluovamine and Elavil. A double-blind survey by M. Gasperini, F. Gatti, L. Bellini, R.Anniverno, and E. Smeraldi showed that fluvoxamine and Elavil are extremely effectual interventions for bipolar patients sing depressive episodes ( 1992 ) . This survey is controversial nevertheless, because conflicting research shows that SSRI? s and other antidepressants can really precipitate frenzied episodes. Most physicians can see the utility of antidepressants when used in Bipolar Disorder in concurrence with temper stabilising medicines such as Li. In add-on to the mentioned medical interventions of bipolar upset, there are several other options available to bipolar patients, most of which are used in concurrence with medical specialty. One such intervention is light therapy. One survey compared the response to light therapy of bipolar patients with that of unipolar patients. Patients were free of psychotropic and hypnotic medicines for at least one month before intervention. Bipolar patients in this survey showed an norm of 90.3 % betterment in their depressive symptoms, with no incidence of passion or hypomania. They all continued to utilize light therapy, and all showed a sustained positive response at a three month followup ( Hopkins and Gelenberg, 1994 ) . Another survey involved a four hebdomad intervention of bright forenoon visible radiation intervention for patients with seasonal affectional upset and bipolar patients. This survey found a statistically important decrease in depressive symptoms, with the maximal antidepressant consequence of visible radiation non being reached until hebdomad four ( Baur, Kurtz, Rubin, and Markus, 1994 ) . Hypomanic symptoms were experienced by 36 % of bipolar patients in thi s survey. Predominant hypomanic symptoms included rushing ideas, deceased slumber and crossness. Surprisingly, tierce of controls besides developed symptoms such as those mentioned above. Regardless of the account of the outgrowth of hypomanic symptoms in undiagnosed controls, it is apparent from this survey that light intervention may be associated with the ascertained symptoms. Based on the consequences, careful professional monitoring during light intervention is necessary, even for those without a history of major Bipoler Disorder. Another popular intervention for bipolar upset is electro-convulsive daze therapy. ECT is the preferable intervention for badly frenzied pregnant patients and patients who are murderous, psychotic, catatonic, medically compromised, or badly self-destructive. In one survey, research workers found marked betterment in 78 % of patients treated with ECT, compared to 62 % of patients treated merely with Li and 37 % of patients who received neither, ECT or Li ( Black et al. , 1987 ) . A concluding type of therapy is outpatient group psychotherapeutics. Dr. John Graves, interpreter for The National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association has called attending to the value of support groups, and challenged mental wellness professionals to take a more serious expression at group therapy for the bipolar population. Research shows that group engagement may assist increase Li conformity, lessening denial sing the unwellness, and increase consciousness of both external and internal emphasis factors taking to manic and depressive episodes. Group therapy for patients with bipolar upsets responds to the demand for support and support of medicine direction, and the demand for instruction and support for the interpersonal troubles that arise during the class of the upset. The bipolar upset can impact anyone at anytime. It is still ill-defined as to what and why this happens. Some physicians believe that the organic structures? chemical sometimes acquire out of whack and that the intervention of Li every bit good as the other drugs will assist battle the normal degrees in our organic structures. Whether we of all time fins a remedy or truly how this familial and emotional upset does come about, we all can hold that this does happen in households and most of the clip it affects adult females more so than that of the work forces. I think that is because adult females are so emotional to get down with and that AIDSs in the frenzied depression episodes. Hopefully scientist will go on to analyze and dissect this upset that affects so many people.